What Are Your Opinions About - 1224 Words

I remember a number of occasions during my early years when I would try to argue with my mother, and in my mother tongue, she would repeatedly say the same words; words that loosely translate to the English language as â€Å"invest a few moments in â€Å"thinking†; it will pay good interest. I never really understood what my mother’s words meant, until a few years ago when I realized that she had been advising me to think critically. In our world today, arguments or discussions about one’s point of view with other parties or individuals are a familiar part of daily conversation. Questions like â€Å"What are your opinions about†¦?†, â€Å"How do you feel about†¦?† are the norm. The ability to convincingly defend and explain one s point of view to others is of†¦show more content†¦In a deeper sense, critical thinking is self-directed, disciplined, monitored and corrective mode of thinking about any given subject or â€Å"problemà ¢â‚¬  in which the critical thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking involves careful and analytical thinking that finds a â€Å"positive† path between different points of the thinker’s-conceived problem-solving map. It is vital to note that although critical thinking is mainly about problem solving abilities, effective communication is also a vital part of it. On the other hand, reflective judgment is defined [by the Merriam-Webster dictionary] as â€Å"a judgment that proceeds from given particulars to the discovery of a general concept or universal principle under which the particulars may be subsumed†. In simpler terms, reflective judgment is the ability to evaluate knowledge claims and to explain and defend a point of view on a controversial issue or an ill-structured problem or a problem that cannot be resolved with absolute certainty. Critical thinking and Reflective judgment are often distinguished by the kind of problem-solving they address. Critical thinking focuses on well-structured problems while reflective judgment focuses on the capacity or ability to solve ill-structured problems. In today’s world, human beings are bound to have conflicting or competing perspectives on a particular subject or issue on a daily basis. On a

Sleep Deprivation And Business Essay Example For Students

Sleep Deprivation And Business Essay In this age of increased technology and globalization enormous stress is being placed upon the business traveler. In order to stay competitive, business executives must commit to brutal schedules and frequent travels. Increasingly, business travelers are relying upon air travel as their primary form of transportation. This constant movement through different time zones is exhausting and can lead to jet lag. Technically called circadian dysrythmia, jet lag is a disruption of the bodys intricate biological inner-sleep cycle caused by crossing multiple time zones quickly. ; The mental and physical ramifications of jet lag can be detrimental and potentially dangerous to the individuals health. According to the National Transportation Safety Board, Fatigue is the No.1 factor that detrimentally impacts the ability of pilots.; Footy According to a PBS television documentary Sleep Alert,; a Boeing 747 captain noted:; It is not unusual for me to fall asleep in the cockpit, wake up twenty minutes later and find the other two crew members totally asleep.;footy In another report, A Boeing 757 captain told how his forehead hit the control column on his approach to New Yorks Kennedy Airport as the need for sleep became overwhelming.;footy Of course, the consequences of sleep deprivation in most cases will not be as severe as the in previous examples, but it does illustrate the importance sleep plays in job performance. The lodging facility of the traveler is in the best position to reduce and alleviate the negative affects of jet lag. In order to provide the best possible service to the guest, hotels will be forced to recognize this problem and create solutions for it. As it stands right now, the best solution to this problem is education. Recognizing the symptoms of jet lag is the first step in the education process. In his book, Power Sleep, Dr. James Maas of Cornell University describes the symptoms of jet lag as follows. Daytime Sleepiness. Ninety percent of travelers report experiencing daytime fatigue and sleepiness. If you give in to the urge to sleep during the day at your destination, you may not be tired enough to sleep at bedtime. Insomnia. The next most common symptom of jet lag is insomnia. You experience difficulty falling asleep at night. Once you do get to sleep youll have less deep sleep and less REM sleep. The nights sleep is often fragmented by frequent awakenings. Poor Concentration. More than two thirds of air travelers report having poor concentration, or in severe cases of jet lag, temporary amnesia. You become unable to focus attention, cannot think clearly, have foggy memory, and your ability to write coherently is impaired. Disorientation. Many travelers also experience disorientation. They become confused and cannot remember where they are, especially when they wake up in the middle of the night. Slower Reaction Time. Many travelers suffer from slower reflexes. This seems especially relevant if they must cope with unfamiliar traffic patterns (driving on the opposite side of the road) in their new destination. Gastrointestinal Problems. About 50 percent of travelers say that jet lag disrupts their digestion. You might have a poor appetite or have hunger pains at odd hours. You might become constipated and experience heartburn or ulcers from eating meals at hours when you would usually sleep. Maas continues with his 4 step method for combating jet lag. #1 Planning Your Flight Avoid flights with early morning departures Arrive at the destination in time for a full nights sleep Avoid Red Eye Flights Select plane seats that are conducive to sleeping (away from bathrooms) Select a seat opposite the side of the sun Try to get a seat with good leg room that can recline Give yourself plenty of time to get to the flight Ask if there are any empty rows of seats to lie down Pack comfort items eyeshade, earplugs, slippers, gum, moisturizer, lip balm, nasal decongestant, and water wear loose fitting clothes .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .postImageUrl , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:hover , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:visited , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:active { border:0!important; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:active , .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731 .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u987a32b1e57b1cfb6484b8f3afb05731:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adam Kidd Essay #2 During Your Flight Immediately ask for a pillow and blanket to avoid shortages Adjust your watch to the destination time and follow it Drink lots of water during flight. A well hydrated body adjusts to time changes faster Avoid alcohol Avoid smoking, overeating, or eating spicy foods Walk .

The Six Steps in Decision Making an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

The Six Steps in Decision Making by Expert Ellah PHD | 23 Dec 2016 The decision making process is an integral part of the daily living. Harrisons six steps in decision making process consist of, setting the objectives, searching for the alternatives by means of scanning the organizations internal and external environment for information, comparing and evaluating alternatives by formal and informal means, practicing the arts of choice or the time when an action line is being selected from a set of alternatives, implementing the decision after choices was being renovate from the notion into a real operation and ensuring that the implemented decision in an outcome set in the first stage through follow up and control in keeping with the objectives. Need essay sample on "The Six Steps in Decision Making" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The first step is to set the objectives. Setting objectives is important for it encourages the chapter to follow good management practices, solidifies the leadership team, focused the company on a specific aims, establishes accountability, motivate staff to achieve their sets of objectives and provides a common direction for the members. All of the companies are encouraged to set their objectives and a clear statement of the kind of service they want of achieve. For example, company objectives for IT business Industry: Objective set to achieve a certain level of market share within a specified time, the companies target is to obtain 5% market share on the industry of IT by the year 2010. Another example, ITS supports professional development for staff, the specific objective will be ITS would offer project management and introduction to ITS classes having the goals of about 80% staff will be trained by June 2008. Before you begin to collect evidence of learning outcomes, you must be able to answer the following questions: Why are you seeking this evidence, what kind of information will you collect, who will collect it, when will it be collected, how to use the results to improve what you do? Next step is the search for the alternatives by means of scanning the organizations internal and external environment for information. Internal factors that influence the scanning activity recognized as being the inpidual nature of information consciousness. External factors where identified as the cause of change in the environment. Environmental scanning foe internal and external use for information is the use of information about trends, events and relationships in the organizations internal and external environment that would help the management in planning the organizations future course of action. Organization need to recognize that major changes for a variety of reasons may happen on the company, including fear of the unknown, inadequacy to deal with the change and whether the change will result in an adverse effect on their jobs. Alternative actions that are appropriate to the problem should be identified. The more time and effort should be devoted in searching and developing the alternatives to a more important problem to be solved. The knowledge that decision makers have is sometimes limited by their beliefs, attitudes, values, educations and incomplete information. For this reason, decision makers accept the first satisfactory alternative they uncover, rather than maximize or search until they find the best alternatives that would be beneficial for the future run. For example: the process technologies and the people used in handling and purchasing information, data collected point to an average of 50% staff involve handling the companies information from the little to the big ones. Another example is when the companies are tending to act under request companies going to its crisis, companies tending turning inwards to reorganize. Organizations by means of scanning internal and external environment for information will be able to build satisfactory, creative and innovative alternatives for the problems that the company is facing. Thirdly, compare and evaluate those alternatives by formal and informal means. A comprehensive alternatives evaluation process can help business and organizations find a safer substitute or alternatives to their existing service use up to a more innovative solution to alternate that satisfies them. Comparing those alternatives by means of an established mode or a formal means and informal may bring them to the extent of creating and having the best alternatives which best suit the service and program. This assessment also provides a tool to assist business as they work toward creating a better workplace. Alternative assessment also helps companies plan strategically and anticipate regulations to avoid future cost and problem while meeting their high expectations. At the time when the action is being selected from the given sets of alternatives the fourth step by then is practicing the arts of choice. Practicing your alternative choice is the next target for the efficiency and effectiveness of the business, for practice is one great way to get better. Practicing includes setting the priorities and goals such as how efficient you want your company be and how time you can put to make you be more focused. This phase includes creating a readiness for change in your client organization and developing approaches to overcome resistance to change. The vision should clearly depict how the achievement of the vision will improve the organization. For example, if a company wants to advertise their products, there are several options that they can choose from such as through the net or by television or newspaper. In the third step, it is important to important to evaluate these options regarding affectivity and as well the cost. In the fourth step, the company will act and bring the chosen action into reality. The company may also try to endorse their product through all the alternatives listed and then decide which one will benefit the company the most. These steps are important to inpidual as well. Take for example a teacher. In order to increase the learning of the students, the teacher will think of alternatives and different ways of teaching and other activities and initially predicts the outcome of each teaching method. This is done in step three. Next, the teacher will then used all of the listed method and assess the effects of each one to the students in order to come up with the conclusion of the best method that is supported by evidences. The fifth step in decision-making process is the implementation of the decision after choices was being renovated from the notion into a real operation. Until some decision are taken into action this decisions are valueless. In implementing the decision to the real operation it must first define steps in implanting the decision including its timeframe for completion and also, by defining the method for reporting when something is completed and who receives the report. There are five steps in order to implement decision; first step is making an action plan. When developing a plan to implement the decision they have to understand first, the reasons for that specific decision. The overall analysis of the task, which determine the actions need to be taken and the way in which the decision process shall be implemented. Secondly is to delegate actions, some decisions are simple and easy to handle, but others may seem so complex and that may need a number of task and a working team, delegat ing those team into an assigned task and responsibility makes the job a lot easier. Third, communicating a decision, after the decision has taken and planned it needs to be relayed directly and indirectly by the affected. When they communicate and clearly explain the decision made and action to be taken it will remove uncertainty and objections from the mind of concerned parties. Fourth, discussing the progress of the decision, many meeting may have no purpose but inform, meetings are specifically held to discuss progress in the implementation of the decision. Dont waste time. And last but not the least, overcoming objections, rather than feeling aggrieved, opposition should be viewed as a valuable part of decision-making, ignore objections that may only result into misunderstanding. Take for example an organization that wants to get its product on the web; this decision to widen their scope is done in the strategic level. Next, the idea is implemented in the web that is done in the tactical level. In the operational level, the web site is supported on a daily basis. Thus, each level has its own role in fulfilling the companys objective and different things are expected from different levels in order to support the IT infrastructure. The sixth and the final step in decision making process is ensuring that the implemented decision in an outcome set in the first stage through follow ups and control in keeping with the objectives. This is essential to test and ensure that the company meets its desired goal and functions. Example: the company has to build follow team and conduct some research to prove the effectiveness of the service and see it if meets their goals. Proposed a set of principles for follow up activities and must discussed it in a more detailed way the t all the members may have clear audit on it for the development of the policy guidelines. Follow ups included major subject matters such as issue, scale and timing, frequency and power, roles, functions and the principle. Its role must to control function for the purpose of evaluation. References Harrison, F.E. (1995). The managerial decision-making process.Boston:Houghton Miffincompany. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www.brainmass.com/homework-help/business/management/140312 Learn Marketing. (no date). Business objectives. . Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www.learnmarketing.net/index.htm Shah, K & Shah, P. (2007). Implementing adecision. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www.laynetworks.com/IMPLEMENTING-A-DECISION.html Wilkinson, S. (no date). Set objectives. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www.inspiringlearningforall.gov.uk/introduction/default.aspx

Insanity Plea essays

Insanity Plea essays One of the many issues that trouble the American Justice System today is that of the insanity defense. This defense has been brought in front of courts for years and has caused massive debate. The insanity defense plays a powerful role in our society which begs for justice. However some look upon it as a god sent, while other feel it is the enemy. The insanity defense is rooted in a basic principle of justice: that it is unfair to hold persons responsible for their actions when they dont know, or cant control, what they are doing (Worth 16), but is it true that people really dont know what they are doing; and if so should they still be punished for it? Many who share negative feelings towards the insanity defense believe that it is not a defense in the victims case but a defense to aid the perpetrator. In courts the insanity defense has been used as a loophole for criminals to jump through, and escape a deserved punishment. States law student Cedrick Burrows. Crimes in our society are believed to not go unpunished, and with the introduction of the insanity defense into our courts criminals are beginning to dodge such promised justice. What about the families of the victims who have been raped, murdered, or beaten; what justice are they served if their attacker is let to walk free or spend time in a mental institution? Many others who are for the insanity defense believe it is unfair to punish a person when they are not aware of the crime they have committed. They believe that a person who wasnt aware of the crime or tuned in to what is right or wrong can not be placed in the same category of those who knowingly kill, rape, or beat innocent people. One case in which the inconsistency of the insanity defense is apparent is in that of the assassinator of former president James Garfield. Charles Julius Guiteau, after being caught and detained ...

A Study Of Symphony No. 5 In C Minor Op. 67 Of Ludwig Van Beethovens In Classical Musical Genre

A Study Of Symphony No. 5 In C Minor Op. 67 Of Ludwig Van Beethoven's In Classical Musical Genre Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C Minor Op. 67 is one of the most well-known and performed compositions in the classical genre. The symphony is used throughout pop culture worldwide and is often played at inaugural concerts for new orchestras. The classic four-note ‘fate motif’ is one of the most recognizable openings in the history of music and is featured prominently in a variety of contexts throughout the piece. Although this symphony was not as influential to listeners during the time period as to which Beethoven was alive, the 19th and 20th centuries popularized the piece and has been deemed to be the epitome of Beethoven’s musical style during the height of his musical career among composers, music directors, and musicians alike. The form and instrumentation of this piece are vastly different than pieces prior to the symphony as a performance of this work can range anywhere from 30-40 minutes in length. Not only did this piece further expand the length of the symphony, but the demands placed upon the musicians to which Beethoven composed in the music were so demanding and dense that a performance of this symphony was considered to be quite difficult to achieve in the early 19th century. The first movement is in C minor, is marked Allegro con Brio, and is in a traditional sonata form which was influenced from Beethoven’s teachers and mentors Haydn and Mozart. If one were to examine the score of this movement, one would notice the development section is expanded through the use of several key increasing the section in length and tension before returning to the recapitulation and coda of the movement. The second movement is in Ab major, is marked Andante con Moto, and is in a double variation form. This i s where two differing themes are presented and are played in alternation as they are presented in contrasting styles. A lengthy coda is also presented at the conclusion of this movement. The third movement is a Scherzo and trio, and is in a ternary form. This movement follows the classical tradition of a minuet and trio, but replaces the minuet with the faster, and newer in style Scherzo. There is no pause as the third movement transitions into the triumphant and heroic finale of the fifth symphony. This finale is in C major, the parallel major of the original key of the first movement. Upon hearing this, one could suggest that this minor to major tonality could represent some sort of internal struggle which the fate motif clearly emphasizes. The finale displays the conquering of this struggle as the movement ends in a brilliant fashion of stating the tonic resolution for the last eighty measures of the symphony. The instrumentation consists of piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, two cl arinets in Bb and C, two bassoons, contrabassoon, two horns in Eb and C, two trumpets, alto, tenor, and bass trombone, timpani in G and C, and strings. However, the piccolo, contrabassoon, and the three trombones are only used for the fourth movement signifying another new trend as most pieces did not feature these instruments during the time period. What makes the fifth symphony different from the third of Beethoven is that the third symphony was increasingly popular throughout Beethoven’s lifetime. The fifth achieved the fame it has today until later into the 19th century. However, although the third symphony is referenced as the ‘Heroic Symphony,’ some scholars of Beethoven’s works suggest that the fifth symphony is more heroic in style and form than the third as once again there seems to be some type of overarching representation of a battle or struggle which is endured then overcome with success. With this in mind, the fifth symphony could be more programmatic in thought leading to more emotional output in composition from Beethoven throughout his middle/late periods and for the several composers to which this symphony will influence in a further programmatic sense of mind.

Charles Darwin's Work according to Popper, Kuhn and Van Fraassen Essay

Charles Darwin's Work according to Popper, Kuhn and Van Fraassen - Essay Example However, philosophers demonstrated interest in finding the truth in various components of life. Some philosophers have observed that Darwin arguments failed to provide concrete reasons while other believes that interpretation of the arguments should take their immediate context (Auletta, et.al.2011). Many philosophers have debated the views of Darwin pointing of the weaknesses as well as possibilities. The evolutionary biology has been subject to scientific tests and principles as well as theological thinking. This paper will explore the views of Popper, Kuhn, and Van in relation to Charles Darwin work on evolution. Karl Popper on Darwin Karl Popper viewed Science as a means of distinguishing theories from myths or traditional believes. The questions raised by people about aspects of life should be subject to scientific analysis. Darwin’s theory clashed with Biblical view of creation, subjecting it to Scientific proves. Popper observed that Darwin’s theory of evolution does not have components, which are subject to scientific measurement (Auletta, et.al.2011). For instance, the survival of species based on how fit they are, in relation to conformation to changes in environment does not contain any bit of science because no species can survive if it is weak. In Popper’s view, Darwin theory does not qualify as a science. Popper’s perspective of science in relation to Darwin theory appears in four steps; first problem selection, second creation of hypothesis in relation to problem solution, third is to test the theory presented, and lastly develop an argument about the result. The knowledge built through the scientific argument would eliminate errors created through criticism. This argument contends that knowledge does not occur through a single suggestion, but must command some universality on the theory introduced. In Popper’s view, the learning that the society acquires is through mistakes that people make. Thus, the separatio n of truth from myths in the scientific way must consist approving and disapproving the exiting view. Darwin’s theory argued that the emergence of creatures in the present world took place after other creatures suffered wastages of unimagined proportion. The theory does not explain the source of suffering thus subjecting it more questions based on scientific credibility. Popper argues that the purpose served by the creatures that led to their extinction must be provable. Popper believes that Darwin must have created a theological problem or unearthed an old problem that was not in focus (Radick, 2003). The outcome of suffering does not lead a viable species to overtake the present challenges, but the cause of the suffering must be evident. Thus, this argument proposed by Popper disapproves the work of Darwin on the following accounts: first, the argument does not contain any scientific element. That is a scientific element can be subject to test through comparison of the exis ting facts and the anticipated outcomes. Second, the argument put forward by Darwin refuted the ontological boundaries between the animal kingdom and humanity. Popper argued that the theory puts animals to appear more human while humans appeared more animal (Radick, 2003). The explanation of evolution as put by Darwin traces the beginning of life from scratches, which are not provable scientifically. The evolution of apes into human beings reduces science to myths. Critics have argued that Popper promoted non-revolutionary interests; however, his argument tends to demonstrate his feelings about the concept of evolution (Radick, 2003). Popper believes that a real world existed, independent of Darwin or human views. He

British History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

British History - Essay Example The Seven Years’ War forced Britain to change its colonial policies in ways that helped drive the colonists to revolution. For the British, part of the significance of the Seven Years’ War is Britain’s emergence as the uncontested imperial leader in the New World. France and Britain had dueled for years as their empires expanded and collided. Armed conflict had been intermittent for decades. France gave its best effort against the might of the British, winning many battles and adopting successful alliances with Native American fighters, who offered support on the field and tutelage in woodland fighting techniques.1 When William Pitt reignited the British army, he also persuaded the Iroquois to ally with him and reduced the French advantage. The British whittled away at the French, then struck a terrific blow at the Plains of Abraham in Quebec in 1759, surprising the French and winning a short but awful battle. The French army would need years to heal after subsequent beatings on the battlefield left Britain victorious.2 Now, Great Britain had additional duties as a colonizer. As a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763, the French ceded land east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. With larger land area to administrate, govern, protect, and defend, Britain placed additional strain on an already swollen fiscal budget. It would naturally expect the colonists, as British subjects to pay a proportionately higher amount of taxes to finance the new services.3 Victory in the Seven Years’ War impacted Britain’s attitude about how to treat opponents. It had not started winning the war until William Pitt began to use his bold, energetic, highly confident style to get results. Having sufficiently deposed the French with the heavy hand of its military, it now figured it could do the same to any colonists who were foolish enough to raise arms against